NAPLEX (North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination) Practice Exam

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What is the treatment for Toxoplasmosis gondii encephalitis in HIV?

  1. Azithromycin + Doxycycline

  2. Pyrimethamine + leucovorin + sulfadiazine

  3. Amphotericin B + Flucytosine

  4. SMX/TMP

The correct answer is: Pyrimethamine + leucovorin + sulfadiazine

The correct treatment for Toxoplasmosis gondii encephalitis in HIV is a combination therapy of pyrimethamine, leucovorin, and sulfadiazine. This combination is the preferred treatment regimen for Toxoplasmosis gondii encephalitis because pyrimethamine inhibits the replication of the parasite, leucovorin helps prevent the bone marrow suppression caused by pyrimethamine, and sulfadiazine acts synergistically with pyrimethamine to enhance the therapeutic effect. This combination therapy has been shown to be effective in treating this opportunistic infection in HIV patients. The other options are not the correct treatment for Toxoplasmosis gondii encephalitis: - Azithromycin + Doxycycline is not the preferred treatment for Toxoplasmosis gondii encephalitis. - Amphotericin B + Flucytosine is commonly used to treat fungal infections like cryptococcal meningitis but is not the first-line treatment for Toxoplasmosis gondii encephalitis. - SMX/TMP (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim) is typically used for the prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in HIV patients but is not the treatment of choice for Toxoplasmosis gondii encephalitis.

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